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- $Unique_ID{BRK04134}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Posterior Uveitis}
- $Subject{Posterior Uveitis Choroiditis Anterior Uveitis Pars Planitis
- Heterochromic Uveitis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 494:
- Posterior Uveitis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Posterior Uveitis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Choroiditis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Anterior Uveitis
- Pars Planitis
- Heterochromic Uveitis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Posterior Uveitis is a vision disorder characterized by inflammation of
- the layer of blood vessels underlying the retina, and usually of the retina
- as well. Major symptoms include blurred vision, distortion of the size or
- shape of objects (metamorphopsia), and floating black spots in the visual
- field. The resulting scars may impair clear vision and cause dimness of
- vision (amblyopia). In many cases, this disorder occurs as a complication of
- Toxoplasmosis or other infections. In other cases, the cause cannot be
- determined.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Posterior Uveitis is marked by inflammation of the entire uveal tract of the
- eye which includes the iris, ciliary body and choroid. The iris is the
- circular-colored membrane (surrounding the pupil) forming the anterior one-
- sixth of the middle coat of the eyeball. The ciliary body is a specialized
- structure in the eye composed of the ciliary muscles and processes, and
- connecting the anterior part of the choroid to the circumference of the iris.
- The choroid is the middle pigmented, vascular coat of the posterior five-
- sixths of the eyeball, continuous with the iris in front. The choroid lies
- between the sclera externally and the retina internally and prevents the
- passage of light rays.
-
- Symptoms include blurred vision, distortion of the size and shape of
- objects (metamorphopsia), and floating black spots in the visual field.
- Occasionally, eye pain and the excess secretion of tears may occur. Marked
- reduction of vision may occur when the inflammation is centered on the
- posterior pole inside the eyeball. Inflammation limited to the edges of the
- inside of the eyeball often does not affect vision. Scars inside the eye can
- indicate recurrent Uveitis. Other symptoms may be associated with Posterior
- Uveitis including oozing (exudative) retinal detachment, loss of transparency
- of the lens of the eye (cataract), and inflammation of the internal
- structures of the tissues in the eyeball (endophthalmitis).
-
- Causes
-
- Posterior Uveitis often occurs as a complication of Toxoplasmosis, or other
- infections such as Syphilis. Behcet's Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Arthritis, or
- Tuberculosis can also cause Uveitis. (For more information on these
- disorders, choose toxoplasmosis, syphilis, behcet, sarcoidosis, arthritis,
- and TB as your search terms in the Rare Disease Database.) Some medical
- researchers believe Posterior Uveitis may be an autoimmune disorder. In
- other cases no cause may be determined. In children, inflammation of parts
- of the eye including the choroid and retina (chorioretinitis) with vitreous
- membranes may result from the presence of a parasite inside the eyeball.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Posterior Uveitis affects individuals who may have another health condition
- such as Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis, Behcet's Syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Arthritis,
- Tuberculosis, or who have been exposed to the parasite Toxacara. The
- disorder affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Posterior
- Uveitis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Anterior Uveitis is characterized by inflammation limited to the ciliary
- body and iris of the eye. The choroid of the eye is not affected, as in
- Posterior Uveitis.
-
- Pars Planitis is a vision disorder characterized by inflammation of the
- peripheral retina and pars plana (a section of the ciliary body connected to
- the retina) sections of the eye. Fluid and foreign cells can infiltrate the
- clear gelatin-like substance (vitreous humor) near the retina and/or pars
- plana. Swelling inside the eye can also occur. These abnormalities may
- appear in one or both eyes. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Pars Planitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Heterochromic Uveitis is characterized by pigmentary changes in the iris
- of the eye. This occurs in conjunction with inflammation of the anterior
- uvea complicated by deposits on the posterior lining of the cornea
- (Descemet's membrane) and by clouding (opacities) of the clear lens of the
- eye.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Active choroid and/or retinal inflammation associated with Posterior Uveitis
- is frequently treated with systemic corticosteroid drugs. Other treatment
- depends on determination of the exact cause of the disorder. When a parasite
- such as Toxacara (associated with Toxoplasmosis) is identified as the cause,
- treatment should be prescribed to eliminate this infection. Ibuprofen may be
- a useful drug for control of inflammation associated with Posterior Uveitis.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) may be of potential benefit for treating a number
- of dermatologic diseases. These include Pemphigus and Bullous Pemphigoid,
- Posterior Uveitis and Behcet's Syndrome, collagen vascular disorders such as
- severe Dermatomyositis, Sjogren's Syndrome, and Scleroderma, Mycosis
- Fungoides, and Alopecia Areata. Certain types of skin grafts have also shown
- improvement after cyclosporine treatment, in some cases. However, this drug
- may also be associated with severe and life-threatening side effects which
- would limit its use in many patients.
-
- Careful monitoring of this drug by a physician is necessary to guard
- against possible toxic side effects. Relapses can occur when the drug is
- discontinued. More research is needed before cyclosporine can be recommended
- as a treatment for all but the most severe cases of the disorders listed
- above. Even for the most severe cases its use is still experimental, and
- long-term effects are unknown.
-
- Trials involving another immunosuppressive drug, mizoribine, has
- benefited some patients. More research is necessary to determine safety and
- effectiveness of these experimental treatments.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on this Posterior Uveitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- Vision Foundation, Inc.
- 818 Mt. Auburn Street
- Watertown, MA 02172
- (617) 926-4232
- 1-800-852-3029 (inside Massachusetts)
-
- For information about associated infections such as Toxoplasmosis:
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- CYCLOSPORIN A IN THE TREATMENT OF POSTERIOR UVEITIS: E.M. Graham, et al.;
- Eye (1985, issue 104 (Part 2)). Pp. 146-151.
-
- RENAL HISTOPATHOLOGIC ALTERATIONS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH CYCLOSPORINE
- FOR UVEITIS: A.G. Palestine, et al.; N Engl J Med (May 15, 1986, issue 314
- (20)). Pp. 1293-1298.
-
- APPLICATION OF MIZORIBINE AFTER KERATOPLASTY AND IN THE TREATMENT OF
- UVEITIS: A. Nakajima, et al.; Am J Ophthalmol (July 15, 1985, issue 100
- (1)). Pp. 161-163.
-
- MODULATION OF LENS-INDUCED UVEITIS BY SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE: N.A. Rao,
- et al.; Ophthalmic Res (1986, issue 18 (1)). Pp. 41-46.
-
- IBUPROFEN IN THE TREATMENT OF UVEITIS: W.F. March, et al.; Ann
- Ophthalmol (February 1985, issue 17 (2)). Pp. 103-104.
-
- TREATMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL GRANULOMATOUS UVEITIS BY LIPOXYGENASE AND
- CYCLO-OXYGENASE INHIBITORS: N.A. Rao, et al.; Arch Ophthalmol (March 1987,
- issue 105(3)). Pp. 413-415.
-
-